His research is in the area of networking, security, and systems and spans network appliances or middleboxes, network management, network security, Internet video, and datacenter networks. Vyas received a B.Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras where he was awarded the President of India Gold Medal, and a Ph.D from Carnegie Mellon University.

He is the recipient of the NSF CAREER award and the ACM SIGCOMM Rising Star Award. His work has received best paper awards at ACM Sigcomm, ACM CoNext, and ACM Multimedia, the NSA Science of Security prize, and the CSAW Applied Security Research Prize.